Recent research from Northwestern University in Chicago suggests that our genetic makeup may play a role in determining our dietary preferences, including the likelihood of following a vegetarian diet.
The study involved the analysis of genetics data from 350,000 individuals, comprising 5,000 strict vegetarians and 300,000 non-vegetarians. Researchers identified three genes strongly associated with a vegetarian diet and 31 others potentially linked to plant-based eating. Vegetarians were found to have a higher likelihood of possessing different variations of these genes.
These identified genes primarily relate to lipid (fat) digestion, suggesting that they may aid vegetarians in extracting essential fats from plant sources and potentially deter them from consuming meat. Lipids are crucial for various bodily functions, including brain health, as the brain consists of 60% fat and relies on lipids for structure and cell communication. A deficiency in essential fats can lead to memory problems, learning difficulties, and an increased risk of depression and anxiety.
The study also likened the ability to break down plant-based fats to people who can easily digest substances like caffeine or alcohol. Individuals who struggle to break down these substances tend to consume less of them due to adverse effects.
The identified “vegetarian genes,” including TMEM241, RIOK3, NPC1, and RMC1, were not present in meat eaters. While this research provides intriguing insights into the genetic factors influencing dietary choices, further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanisms at play.
The study defined vegetarians as individuals who had not consumed any animal products, including seafood and animal-derived ingredients, within the past year. It also revealed that vegetarians were more likely to be women, younger in age, have a lower body mass, and possess a lower socioeconomic status.
Approximately 6% of Americans, equivalent to around 19 million people, identify as vegetarians, and many may need to take supplements like vitamin B12, zinc, and iron to maintain optimal health while adhering to a meatless diet.
